With Livestock Virtual Fencing, a producer can keep track of animals within a given pasture area and relocate them to another part of that area or another area altogether. This allows him/her to practice rotational grazing without having to erect, constantly move, and maintain a physical fence. Most systems consist of (1) a GPS base unit with transmitting app; (2) a digital device (computer, tablet, smartphone); and (3) a solar or battery-powered collar worn by the animal, which emits both auditory and electrical stimuli. When nearing the pre-programmed fence boundary, the animal receives an auditory cue; when reaching the boundary, it experiences a physical shock, like that from a high-tensile electric fencing.