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Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently asked questions included here represent years of input from AgrAbility customers and staff. The questions are divided into logical groups to make finding your information easier. If you cannot find an answer to your question, feel free to contact us.

AgrAbility Organization

What is the AgrAbility Project?
AgrAbility increases the likelihood that individuals with disabilities and their families engaged in production agriculture (AgrAbility's customers) become more successful. The program supports cooperative projects in which state Cooperative Extension Services (CES) based at either 1862 or 1890 Land-Grant Universities subcontract to private, non-profit disability organizations. Measures of success may include improvements in customers' financial stability or access to life activities and in the capacity of the states and regions to deliver services this population requires in a timely and satisfying manner.
Can I contribute financially to the work of the AgrAbility Program?
Yes, thank you for considering making a contribution.

The host site for each state and regional AgrAbility project and their non-profit disability organization partners are able to accept contributions to enhance and expand the efforts of AgrAbility. These contributions can be designated for a wide variety of services such as peer support activities, establishing equipment loan programs, professional development, scholarships for clients to attend the National AgrAbility Training Workshop, and public awareness activities. Contributions are generally tax deductible and receipts will be provided. In some cases these contributions may provide tax savings. Check with your tax preparer for the most advantageous method of giving.
How do I contact the National AgrAbility Project?
Via telephone at 1-800-825-4BNG (4264) or on the web at www.agrability.org
How does AgrAbility work with the local Cooperative Extension Office?
As part of the nationwide system of Cooperative Extension, AgrAbility projects work closely with local and state Extension staff to provide the best evidence-based resources for addressing the complex issues of farming with a disability. Both local and university-based Extension specialists are tapped for assistance when the problems exceed the expertise of AgrAbility staff. Each county Extension office in the U.S. has been provided with basic AgrAbility-related resources. Feel free to contact the Extension office for additional information. Extension staff is there to serve you.
What federal agency oversees the AgrAbility Project?
USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
What is a state and/or regional AgrAbility project?
State and Regional AgrAbility Projects (SRAPs) operate within a geographic area defined on the basis of counties, states, or both. SRAPs may function independently of each other. States with insufficient potential clientele to merit individual AgrAbility projects may submit regional, multi-state proposals. At a minimum, the Cooperative Extension Service (CES) primary applicant must subcontract to one private, non-profit disability organization. Applicants proposing to serve remote or diverse potential customer populations may wish to form partnerships that include one or more land-grant institutions, non-land-grant institutions, Hispanic-serving institutions, or additional, private, non-profit disability organizations effectively serve the entire qualifying population.
What is the National AgrAbility Project?
The National AgrAbility Project (NAP) has a dual mission. The NAP provides limited, on-demand services in geographic areas without funded State and Regional AgrAbility Projects (SRAPs). But more significant to the success of the program, the NAP helps funded SRAPs and unfunded affiliated AgrAbility projects become more successful at meeting their objectives. The NAP typically produces or recommends education materials, forums, networking tactics, assistance protocols, and marketing products SRAPs adopt for their own use. The NAP connects all SRAPs by: moderating information sharing forums; identifying, promoting, and addressing opportunities and challenges for AgrAbility; recognizing and capitalizing on economies of scale; and evaluating the program's impacts annually.
What steps are being taken to ensure that the vision and mission of the National AgrAbility Project are being fulfilled?
The NAP work plan is largely shaped by the directives contained in the USDA 2008 Request for Applications (RFA). The RFA calls for the NAP to contribute towards meeting the AgrAbility vision of enabling a lifestyle of high quality for farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural workers with disabilities, so that they, their families, and their communities will continue to succeed in rural America. The RFA requires that the NAP address the following:
- Education for service providers and clients
- Networking among SRAPs and other stakeholders
- Provision of direct assistance to clients, especially those living in states not currently served by a SRAP
- National marketing to the client base and other rehabilitation providers
When was the AgrAbility Project started?
AgrAbility is authorized under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 as amended, (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.) and in Section 1680 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933) as amended by Section 246 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 and Section 7122 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002. Funds are appropriated by the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-161), for farm safety under section 3(d) of the Smith-Lever Act.
Where is the National AgrAbility Project located?
Purdue University and the Breaking New Ground Resource Center, located in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering are honored to provide the current home for the National AgrAbility Project. For nearly three decades Purdue has been providing services to farmers, ranchers, agricultural workers, and their families impacted by disability. This has included direct services such as on-site assessments, toll-free helpline, research related to disability and agriculture, development of evidence-based resources for use by consumers and rehabilitation professionals, public awareness activities, professional development opportunities, and development and documentation of assistive technology appropriate for agricultural workplaces. Being a partner with the USDA AgrAbility Program to host the National AgrAbility Project (NAP) provides a wonderful opportunity to expand and enhance these activities through working directly with all of the state and regional AgrAbility projects. In addition, being a host for the National AgrAbility Project provides added opportunities to reach out to over half the states that currently do not have AgrAbility projects through NAP's partnerships with Goodwill International, The Arthritis Foundation and other organizations. Ultimately, the goal is to provide farmers, ranchers, agricultural workers, and their family members with disabilities nationwide the opportunity, to achieve a lifestyle of high quality and satisfaction.
Who is the primary contact at USDA-NIFA for information on the AgrAbility Project?

Brad Rein, National Program Leader
USDA Cooperation State Research
Education and Extension Service
1400 Independence Ave SW, Mail Stop 2220
Washington, DC 20250-2220
Phone: (202) 401-1051
Phone alt: (202) 690-1899
Fax: (202) 401-5179
Email: brein@nifa.usda.gov
Who provides leadership for the National AgrAbility Project?

Professor William E. Field, Ed.D.
National AgrAbility Project
Purdue University
Breaking New Ground Resource Center
225 S University St
West Lafayette IN 47907-2093
Phone: 765-494-1191
Fax: 765-496-1356
Email: field@purdue.edu

Paul Jones, Project Manager
National AgrAbility Project
Purdue University
Breaking New Ground Resource Center
225 S. University St.
West Lafayette IN 47907-2093
Phone: 765-494-1221
Fax: 765-496-1356
Email: jonesp@purdue.edu
Why was the AgrAbility Program started?
In the late 1980s it became apparent that farmers, ranchers, agricultural workers, and their families impacted by disability were not fully benefiting from the many advances that were taking place in the field of rehabilitation and the application of assistive technology to enhance the independence of persons with disabilities. It was believed that this need could be addressed by a multi-agency approach utilizing the information dissemination strengths of the Cooperative Extension Service and the rehabilitation expertise of non-profit disability organizations such as Easter Seals, Goodwill Industries, and the Arthritis Foundation.

AgrAbility Resources

Are AgrAbility Program materials available in alternative formats?
Generally, yes. Most AgrAbility Program materials can be made available in alternative formats such as Braille or audio-tape if requested in advance. Due to limited demand only very few items are kept in stock in alternative formats. If you are in need of an alternative format for any of the AgrAbility materials, contact the National AgrAbility Project at 1-800-825-4264.
Does AgrAbility provide direct funding to clients?
Generally, no. The provisions of the legislation do not allow for either the NAP or the state and regional AgrAbility projects to provide direct funding to clients related to worksite accommodation, starting a new enterprise, or paying for assistive technology. Currently, both the NAP and state and regional projects have, as funding has allowed, provided scholarships to cover travel-related costs of clients attending the National AgrAbility Training Workshop. Check with AgrAbility project directors for additional details.
Does the National AgrAbility Project have a Web site?
Yes, www.agrability.org
How do rehabilitation therapists work with AgrAbility?
Health care professionals trained in occupational, physical, respiratory or speech therapy can evaluate an individual's skills. The skill levels are matched to task demands and recommendations are made for task adaptation or for the application of appropriate adaptive technology.
What is the prevalence of disability within the U.S. farm and ranch population?
Deboy et al. (2008) conducted research to estimate the prevalence of disability within the U.S. farm and ranch population and concluded that between 1.04 million and 2.23 million individuals within the agricultural population were impacted by disability. The primary reasons cited for the inability to provide a more precise population size included the lack of consistent survey methodologies and definitions used for agricultural workers. Other studies have indicated that between 15 and 20 percent of the adult farm and ranch workforce has a physical disability that prevents them from completing certain work-related tasks.
Will training be held in an accessible location?
The AgrAbility projects are committed to make every effort to ensure materials and services offered are accessible to all people with disabilities. Upon request, materials can be produced in an accessible format. Training sessions and outreach programs will be held in accessible facilities.

AgrAbility Services

Are there costs associated with receiving services from the state, regional or national AgrAbility projects?
No, State and Regional AgrAbility Projects (SRAPs) are not allowed by their contracts with USDA-NIFA to charge clients for services provided that are within the scope of the AgrAbility Program guidelines contained in the federal legislation. AgrAbility staff may recommend resources, assistive technology, or expert consulting services, such as from a Professional Engineer that may have costs associated with them.
Do I have to live on the farm to receive services?
No. Anyone with a disease, disability or disorder and who is engaged in farming, ranching or in other agriculture-related occupations is eligible to receive services.
Do I need to show proof of U.S. citizenship to receive AgrAbility services?
No.
Does the National AgrAbility Project provide on-farm consultations?
Generally no. Historically, however, National AgrAbility Project (NAP) staff have conducted numerous on-site visits as part of information gathering, pilot testing of new resources or during preparation of new audio-visual resources. The NAP staff have very limited funding available to conduct on-site assessments or provide direct client services. Don't be afraid to ask if such assistance could be arranged. The NAP staff may be able to refer you to a SRAP, local disability agency or other source of assistance.
For what kind of disabilities does the AgrAbility Program provide services for?
Farmers, ranchers, their family members and agricultural workers, including seasonal and migrant farm workers are eligible to receive AgrAbility services. In addition those engaged in agricultural-related occupations, forestry, fishing, and lawn care will find many of the resources available through AgrAbility applicable to their workplaces.

AgrAbility has served individuals with a wide range of disability types including physical, cognitive, or illness-related, and AgrAbility resources are available that address the needs of individuals with:
- Amputations
- Arthritis
- Back pain
- Blindness or low vision
- Cancer
- Cardiac conditions
- Cerebral palsy
- Deafness or hearing impairments
- Diabetes
- Mental retardation
- Multiple sclerosis
- Muscular dystrophy
- Post-polio syndrome
- Respiratory problems
- Spinal cord injuries
- Stroke
- Traumatic brain injury
AgrAbility is not capable of providing comprehensive assistance for all disability-types but is often able to refer individuals to better equipped sources of information and assistance.
How can I receive AgrAbility services if I live in a state that does not have an AgrAbility project?
The National AgrAbility Project will provide information and resources for people in states without an AgrAbility project.
How do I contact AgrAbility?
Currently, there are 22 funded state and regional AgrAbility projects. For a complete listing of these projects check the listing at www.agrability.org. It has a map of the U.S. and allows you to click on the map for contact information. In addition, there are several states that have affiliated projects that may be able to provide assistance. If your state is not listed as having a currently funded AgrAbility project or affiliated project contact the National AgrAbility Project. The NAP staff can provide direct technical consultation to consumers, health and rehabilitation professionals, and other service providers on how to accommodate disabilities in production agriculture.
How do I encourage my community to become more accessible?
Advocate for personal rights, form disability coalitions, contact a nearby center for independent living, and involve others interested in disability rights.
How do I know what equipment will best fit my needs?
The AgrAbility projects are a network of information resources. This network includes community-based experts, such as extension specialists, rehabilitation therapists, independent living specialists, and others who have attended training sessions. The AgrAbility management team members, advisory committee members, national AgrAbility technical consultants and peer mentors are also available to share research, experience and insight.
How much information do I have to share regarding personal finances?
You decide what information you are willing to share. People working with the program are professionals and will not gather unnecessary information, nor will they share information without your permission or violate your right to privacy.
I don't receive funds from SSD or SSI. Can I still receive services from AgrAbility?
Services provided are not linked to Social Security Disability (SSD) or Social Security Income (SSI) benefits.
Is there a cost for the services of the National AgrAbility Project?
Generally, no. All consultation services provided via mail, email, or telephone by the staff of the National AgrAbility and its partners are provided without cost. In some cases, certain print or audio-visual resources or bulk quantities of resources are available at a nominal charge. In addition, reimbursement of expenses is requested when NAP staff participate in certain activities where travel is required.
Is there any recourse if I am dissatisfied with the services I have received from an AgrAbility staff member?
If you are unhappy with the services received from an AgrAbility staff member, you should contact the state or regional project director at the Land Grant institution hosting the project. If you remain unsatisfied contact the Director of Extension at the hosting Land Grant Institution. If you still cannot resolve the issue, contact the AgrAbility Program Manager at USDA-NIFA. This position is currently being filled by:
Brad Rein, National Program Leader
USDA Cooperation State Research
Education and Extension Service
1400 Independence Ave SW, Mail Stop 2220
Washington, DC 20250-2220
Phone: (202) 401-1051
Phone alt: (202) 690-1899
Fax: (202) 401-5179
Email: brein@nifa.usda.gov
What impact does the National AgrAbility Project have on the state and regional AgrAbility projects?
Working on the assumption that there will never be adequate resources from any one initiative to address the needs of AgrAbility customers, a major objective of the NAP is encouraging the SRAPs to expand services to their clientele through collaboration with other organizations having comparable missions. This would include the leveraging of resources, partnering with other disability organizations on service delivery initiatives, and increased utilization of currently available federal and state rehabilitation resources, such as vocational rehabilitation funding. If, at the end of the current funding cycle, there has been demonstrated success toward integrating the unique services provided by the SRAPs into the larger rehabilitation community with significant acceptance by rehabilitation professionals, the efforts of the NAP will have been beneficial in achieving long term benefits.

In addition, there are significant resources being invested by the NAP to enhance the level of professional competencies of all personnel associated with providing AgrAbility services. This includes continuous professional development opportunities, access to evidence-based resources, and expanding networking between SRAPs.
What is an on-farm assessment?
The assessment is an on-site evaluation to match the individual's goals with ways to achieve them. An individual may decide to redefine long-term goals and prioritize short-term goals. The on-farm assessment is typically completed in one visit, although information and referral follow-up via telephone and correspondence are appropriate. A follow-up visit may also be appropriate.
What is assistive technology?
Assistive technology for people who live in farming communities includes any kind of device, modification, or service that will help a person with a disability work and live more independently in the rural setting.

An assistive technology device is any item or piece of equipment used to maintain or improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities, allowing them to function independently in any setting including: recreation, education, employment and daily living.

Assistive technology enables a person with a disability to complete tasks within an agricultural setting. Examples of assistive technology include:
- Tractor seat with added back support
- Walking canes
- Extended tractor steps
- Tractor lift
- Turney seat
- Universal steps
- Wheelchair lift
- Speech recognition software
What vocational training is available after a disease, disability or disorder?
Vocational rehabilitation services may be an option to assist people following an injury. The types of services provided include funding for modifications and equipment to accommodate the disability, vocational evaluation, counseling and guidance, vocational skills training, job placement assistance, and tuition assistance. A representative of the department of vocational rehabilitation services can be located within your area. Vocational assistance is determined case-by-case based on meeting eligibility criteria. Individuals who have physical or mental disability that results in an impediment to employment and who require vocational rehabilitation services to gain employment are eligible to receive services.
Where can I find more information about AgrAbility services and resources?
To discover more about AgrAbility services, computer-based and printed resources, operation, regional coverage, funding, and assistive technology databases, go to:
- www.agrability.org
- www.breakingnewground.info
- www.agrabilityproject.org
Or, use a search engine, such as Google and type in AgrAbility and your state name to find a Web site for your state AgrAbility program if your state has one. To find if your state has a program go to the Project Contact List on the National AgrAbility Project website and then click on your state on the U.S. map.
Who qualifies for AgrAbility services?
All farmers, ranchers, agricultural workers and members of their families are eligible to receive AgrAbility services. This includes both seasonal and migrant farm workers. Other occupations that have been served include: loggers, fishermen, gardeners, lawn maintenance personnel, Christmas tree growers, truckers, agricultural implement service technicians, and wood workers.
Will my state project make the necessary modifications?
Referrals will be made to resources most capable of adapting technical equipment. The AgrAbility projects primarily provide professional training, information dissemination, technical assistance, on-farm assessment and referral to other service providers.
Will other people find out I have a disability?
The AgrAbility projects provide information to agricultural producers with disabilities and their families that will enable them to improve or restore agricultural productivity. Your neighbors may notice that you are able to perform tasks that you formerly were prevented from pursuing. If they ask how the recovery happened, we hope you will share your experience with them, but you are not required to do so. You may decide to mentor farmers with a disability in your community and, if so, you will become a valuable resource to others.

Equipment and Vehicle Modifications

Do you have any information as to vendors, dealers, fabricators, etc. that offer accelerator, brake and clutch hand controls for large trucks?
1. First off, if you're going to apply for a CDL license, contact the CDL testing agency you plan to use and ask if they have any requirements or suggestions for hand controls.
2. If you have a choice, you should choose a truck with an automatic transmission, which will make the driving much easier. Modifying a manual transmission truck can be so time and monetary consuming that often times it is better to trade for one with an automatic transmission. Even large heavy-duty trucks and semis are available with automatic transmissions that will eliminate the need for clutching.
3. If you must drive with a manual transmission, a possible alternative is an electric clutch. Butterfield, MN, farmer Dale Baerg built one for his tractor, which also might work for a truck. He is willing to share his 'solution" with others, Dale can be contacted at 507-956-2074.
4. Go to the Hand Controls Corporation Web site (www.handcontrolscorp.com) and look at the photos of their hand controls on automobiles to see if you think any would work on your truck. You can call them at (800-470-7067); they have installed such controls on semis, but applicability depends on how the brake pedal goes through the firewall and how the accelerator is located. By sending them photos from the steering wheel on down, they can advise you. (For other distributors of hand control units for cars and truck, go to fyi.uwex.edu/agrability and click on "Assistive Technology Database," then on "Truck Modifications.")
5. If interested in modifying the accelerator from right foot control to left foot control, search on the Internet for "Left foot accelerator" and "Left foot gas pedal" to find manufacturers and photos, or go to the Able Data site at www.abledata.com for a listing of eight companies that sell left foot accelerators.
6. The following Web site discusses two designs of hand controls that utilize different hand motions to apply the brakes and accelerator. Go to —www.accesssolutions-ky.com, and click on "Vehicle Hand Controls." You will need to decide which technique of operation you prefer.
7. There are a few companies that make custom-manufactured hand controls or perhaps provide design plans that you or a local machinist could use to make the conversion. Three such companies are Life Essentials of Brookston, IN (765-742-6707 or www.lifeesstentialweb.com); John Hancock of Lexington, KY (859-227-7099), and Northend Mobility of Welland, Ontario (905-735-5552 or www.northend-mobility.com).
8. Two companies make joystick controls for cars and pickup trucks that could possibly be adapted for large trucks—Electronic Mobility Controls (www.emc-digi.com) and Creative Controls (www.creativecontrolsinc.com). Also, Butterfield, MN, farmer Dale Baerg, with quadriplegia, has tractors that have been modified for joystick control and he is willing to share with and help others, he can be reached at 507-956-2074. His ideas may help in modifying a large truck.
9. Breaking New Ground (BNG) Resource Center at Purdue University has two publications in its Plowshares Technical Reports series that you might find beneficia—"Hand Controls for Agricultural Equipment" (Plowshare #2) and "Farming with a Lower Extremity Amputation" (Plowshare #24). They can be viewed and downloaded from the Center's Web site—www.breakingnewground.info.
10. Check out the "Toolbox," which is a catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It includes sections on tractor/self-propelled equipment control modifications and truck access and controls. It is available for purchase in CD-ROM and hard copy format at www.breakingnewground.info and available on-line (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow).
I am paralyzed from the waist down, and I want to get a tractor for use on my horse farm. Is there any way it can be made to be completely hand-operated?
1. First, a tractor with a hydrostatic transmission would be convenient, since no clutch engagement is required.
2. A hand control can be made by attaching a bent rod by means of a bracket to the foot pedal for the clutch, brake, or hydrostatic transmission. The rod can be clamped onto the foot pedal and bent to come up to a convenient location for hand operation. An article with color pictures and evaluation of different designs of bent-rod hand controls can be found at asae.frymulti.com by typing "Evaluation of Mechanical Tractor Pedal Extensions" in the "with-the-exact-phrase" search window, click "GO" then "download pdf."
3. A few companies make custom-manufactured hand controls for tractors or perhaps provide design plans that you or a local machinist could use to make the conversion. Three such companies are Life Essentials of Brookston, IN (765-742-6707 or www.lifeesstentialweb.com); John Hancock of Lexington, KY (859-227-7099), and Northend Mobility of Welland, Ontario (905-735-5552 or www.northend-mobility.com).
4. Two companies make joystick controls for cars and trucks that could possibly be adapted for tractors—Electronic Mobility Controls (www.emc-digi.com) and Creative Controls (www.creativecontrolsinc.com). Also, Butterfield, MN, farmer Dale Baerg, with quadriplegia, has tractors that have been modified for joystick control and he is willing to share with and help others, he can be reached at 507-956-2074.
5. The Breaking New Ground (BNG) Resource Center at Purdue University has two entries in its Plowshares Technical Reports series that that you might find beneficial—"Hand Controls for Agricultural Equipment" (Plowshare #2) and "Farming with a Lower Extremity Amputation" (Plowshare #24). They can be viewed and downloaded from the Center's Web site—www.breakingnewground.info.
6. BNG also developed the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It includes fact sheets that show tractor, utility vehicle, and lawn tractor foot-to-hand control modifications. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) on www.bng.info.
7. The University of Wisconsin Extension AgrAbility Web site carries an article on a homemade hand-operated clutch lever that you might find helpful. Go to fyi.uwex.edu/agrability and click on "Assistive Technology Resources," then on "Plans for Equipment Modifications."
I have a hard time getting into my tractor, and combine. Are there any design plans or companies that build lifts?

I have a hard time getting into my tractor, and combine. Are there any design plans or companies that build lifts?

There are a number of small companies that custom-manufacture farm machinery adaptive devices, including man-lifts to access operator stations of farm equipment and large trucks. Among them are Life Essentials, of Brookston, IN (by phone @ 765-742-6707 or on the Web @ www.lifeessentialsweb.com) and John Hancock, of Lexington, KY (by phone @ 859-227-7099). They will discuss your needs and suggest possible solutions, including building one for your specific situation. Also, Life Essentials can install one on the back of a pickup or flat-bed truck that can be used to access tractors or combines.

Detailed instructions to build a man lift for a tractor can be found on a Kentucky AgrAbility Web site at: Kentucky Agrability tractor lift. WARNING, when using a winch for a lift, it is important to verify the winch load capacity and certification for lifting people.

For lighter and less expensive lifts that might be more compatible with smaller-size vehicles and equipment, check out: the Coach Lift, made by SS Products, of Tempe, AZ (by phone @ 888-224-1425 or on the Web @ www.coachlift.com and click on "Farm Handicapped Lift") and the Glide 'n Go Power Seat Lift, made by Access Unlimited, of Binghamton, NY (by phone @ 800-849-2143 or on the Web @ www.accessunlimited.com and click on "Other Vehicle Products).

Atom-Jet Industries makes the Ajility lift that mounts into the back of a pickup truck that lifts a person and his/her wheelchair to access the operator station of farm equipment. Contact them by phone @ 800-573-5048 or on the Web @ www.atomjet.com.

The Breaking New Ground Resource Center at Purdue University also has printed materials that address this topic. They include the following four fact sheets found in The Toolbox (a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability): "Commercially Manufactured Lifts," "Independent Mounted Lifts," "Equipment-Mounted Chair Lifts," and "Equipment-Mounted Platform Lifts". Also in The Toolbox is a publication in the Plowshare Technical Reports series—"New Concepts in Man-Lift Attachments for Tractors and Combines" (#8). Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of The Toolbox CD to review (or perhaps borrow); also you can access it (in pdf format) on BNG's Web site—www.bngtoolbox.info.

The University of Wisconsin Extension AgrAbility Web site also has published articles on the subject of man-lifts. Go to fyi.uwex.edu/agrability and click on "AgrAbility Quarterly;" then under "Past Issues—2001," click on "Commercial Person Tractor Lifts."

There's a possibility that your state's rehabilitation services or vocational rehabilitation program will purchase, or at least help you purchase the man-lift(s). To find out, contact them either by phone (look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section ahead of the white pages that lists state government offices) or via the Web (go to www.agrability.org and click on "Resources" then "Vocational Rehabilitation contact information."

* Note: When modifying a tractor or other self-propelled equipment for use by someone with a mobility impairment, extra precautions are needed to reduce the risk of injury.
I have a hard time getting into my two-ton truck. Are there any design plans or companies that build lifts?

There are a number of small companies that custom-manufacture farm machinery adaptive devices, including man-lifts to access large trucks. Among them are Life Essentials, of Brookston, IN (by phone @ 765-742-6707 or on the Web @ www.lifeessentialsweb.com) and John Hancock, of Lexington, KY (by phone @ 859-227-7099). They will discuss your needs and suggest possible solutions, including building one for your specific situation.

For lighter and less expensive lifts that might be more compatible with large trucks and equipment, check out: the Coach Lift, made by SS Products, of Tempe, AZ (by phone @ 888-224-1425 or on the Web @ www.coachlift.com and click on "Farm Handicapped Lift") and the Glide 'n Go Power Seat Lift, made by Access Unlimited, of Binghamton, NY (by phone @ 800-849-2143 or on the Web @ www.accessunlimited.com and click on "Other Vehicle Products).

The Breaking New Ground Resource Center at Purdue University also has printed materials that address this topic. They include the following four fact sheets found in The Toolbox (a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability): "Commercially Manufactured Lifts," "Independent Mounted Lifts," "Equipment-Mounted Chair Lifts," and "Equipment-Mounted Platform Lifts." Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of The Toolbox CD to review (or perhaps borrow); also you can access it (in pdf format) on BNG's Web site—www.bngtoolbox.info.

There's a possibility that your state's rehabilitation services or vocational rehabilitation program will purchase, or at least help you purchase the man-lift(s). To find out, contact them either by phone (look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section ahead of the white pages that lists state government offices) or via the Web (go to www.agrability.org and click on "Resources" then "Vocational Rehabilitation contact information."

* Note: When modifying truck for use by someone with a mobility impairment, extra precautions are needed to reduce the risk of injury.
I have difficulty in making that first big step onto my tractor ladder and into my truck. Are there any add-on steps available?
1. Check out these Web sites for commercial extra or add-on step kits. Fixed, hinged, and electric step kits that could work for large trucks:
2. Check out the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It includes sections on tractor operator station accessing and truck cab accessing. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info.
I have difficulty in making that first big step onto my tractor. Are there any add-on steps available?
1. Check out these Web sites for commercial extra or add-on step kits:
  - Step kits designed for selected John Deere tractors only— John Deere
  - Step kits designed for Case IH and Allis Chalmers as well as John Deere tractors — Sloan Express, and K and M manufacturing
2. Check out the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It includes sections on tractor operator station accessing and truck cab accessing. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info.
I have no use of my legs and therefore need hand controls for operating my Polaris Ranger UTV. Do you know who sells hand control conversion kits or could make the necessary modifications?
1. The following Web site compares two designs of hand controls that utilize different hand motions to apply the brakes and accelerator—go to www.accesssolutions-ky.com, and click on "Vehicle Hand Controls." You will need to decide which technique of operation you prefer.
2. Here are four companies that offer ready-made hand controls for automobiles that can usually be adapted for UTVs.
3. You might also contact Life Essentials, LLC, Brookston, IN, (765-742-6707 or www.lifeessentialsweb.com), John Hancock of Lexington, KY (859-227-7099), and Northend Mobility of Welland, Ontario (905-735-5552 or www.northend-mobility.com) which design and fabricate vehicle and equipment custom modifications for persons with disabilities.
4. Three other sources of information on homemade hand control ideas and designs are:
  - University of Wisconsin Extension AgrAbility Web site—go to fyi.uwex.edu/agrability and click on "Assistive Technology Resources," then on "Plans for Equipment Modifications."
  - Toolbox, which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It contains fact sheets on control modifications for farm equipment (including utility vehicles). Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info.
  - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, A hand control can be made by attaching a bent rod by means of a bracket to the foot pedal for the clutch, brake, or hydrostat transmission. The rod can be clamped onto the foot pedal and bent to come up to a convenient location for hand operation. An article with color pictures and evaluation of different designs of bent-rod hand controls can be found at asae.frymulti.com by typing "Evaluation of Mechanical Tractor Pedal Extensions" in the "with-the-exact-phrase" search window, click "GO" then "download pdf."
I'm a right leg amputee; is there a way to convert my pickup truck accelerator from right to left foot control?
1. For ways to modify the accelerator from right foot control to left foot control, search on the Internet for "Left foot accelerator" and "Left foot gas pedal" to find manufacturers, or see companies listed below.
2. Go to the Able Data site at www.abledata.com for a listing of eight companies that sell left foot accelerators.
3. Contact Howell Industries, Ltd. (Upper Kingsclear, NB, Canada)—by phone @ 888-370-5050 or via the Web at suregrip-hvl.com for photos of their design.
My problem is my inability to change and hitch agricultural implements on my own. Whats out there that will allow me to do so?
Here are some ideas for hitching without needing assistance:
1. John Deere has a new iMatch hitching system for their utility tractors where the PTO and three-point hitching is done without getting off the tractor. Go to the John Deere iMatch website
2. Attachments are available for automatic hitching of a tractor drawbar to the tongue of trailing equipment. One example is StaFast Hitch (see www.farmeasier.com).
3. Check out the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It includes a section on hitching. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info
4. Hitching a four-wheel wagon can be a lot easier using a "telescoping" tongue that allows considerable flexibility in making the connection to the tractor drawbar. You back up the tractor in line with the wagon tongue and slide the front portion of the tongue out to align the draw pin holes. The tractor is backed up to lock the two portions of the tongue together.
5. Keeping PTO drive line shielding and components lubricated and in good condition can make connecting the PTO driveline to the tractor stub shaft easier. Dents in the driveline shielding can greatly increase the effort required to telescope the driveline to make the connection.

Financing-Related Matters

I am a disabled veteran and want to know, is there any funding available to help with farm equipment and expenses required for me to continue farming?
1. Look at other FAQs on this Web site about funding for different farm expenses.
2. Contact the Veterans Administration and ask about their Vocational Rehabilitation services. By phone (800-827-1000) or go to www.va.gov and click "Benefits," then "Vocational Rehabilitation."
3. You may also qualify for services through the civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Department of your state and also qualify for assistance from other civilian programs. See the FAQ "Funding for Farm Equipment and Production Inputs" on this Web site for their contact information.
* Note: most vocational rehabilitation agencies do not provide continuing support to sustain a business. Their funding is intended for needed accommodations, training, and occasionally for starting a business for self employment so that a person with a disability can return to work or seek alternative employment.
I have a disability and would like to find out if I might qualify for assistance to start a farm business.
1. Listed below are federal and state government-related entities that either provide or can work with you in seeking out low-interest loans and/or grants for starting a farm business, including purchasing agricultural equipment and production inputs. Vocational Rehabilitation is of particular interest, since they often provide small grants to people with disabilities for starting a business.
  - Farm Service Agency (both funding and assistance). Nearly every county in the U.S. has an FSA office. Check the local phone book, or call FSA national headquarters @ 202-720-2791 to obtain the phone number of your state or county FSA office. On the Web—go to www.fsa.usda.gov and click on "State Offices," then on your state on the U.S. map, then on "County Offices," and finally on your county on the state map.
  - U.S. Small Business Administration (provides both loans and business plan assistance). By phone—call the federal office @ 800-827-5722 to obtain your state office or nearest branch office phone number. On the Web—go to www.sba.gov and click on "Contact," then on "Find Your Local SBA District Office," then on your state on the U.S. map, and finally on the nearest branch-office city.
  - State Vocational Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Services, etc. (titles vary by state) (provides grants and planning assistance). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section ahead of the white pages that lists state government offices. On the Web—go to www.agrability.org and click on "Resources" then "Vocational Rehabilitation contact information."
  - County Cooperative Extension Services (provides planning assistance only). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, County" or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists county government offices. On the Web—go to www.csrees.usda.gov/Extension and click on your state on the U.S. map, then on your county on the state map.
  - Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (both funding and assistance). By phone—call the SARE national office @ 202-720-5384 to obtain the nearest SARE regional office phone number. On the Web—go to www.sare.org and click on "For Farmers & Ranchers" for information about grants for established farmers who want to work with an education entity on a research project; also, click on your state on the U.S. map for your SARE Region's phone number and Web site.
  - USDA Rural Development (provides value-added producer grants). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, U.S." or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists federal government agencies. On the Web—go to www.rurdev.usda.gov and click on "State Offices," then on your state on the U.S. map, then "Offices," and finally on your county on your state map. Grants and loans may be used for working capital for marketing value-added agricultural products and for farm-based renewable energy.
2. Check out the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. One section that would be particularly helpful is the Plowshares Technical Reports series, which includes reports on farming with a specific disability (e.g., spinal cord injury, lower extremity amputation or impairment, back impairment, visual impairment, hearing impairment, cerebral palsy). Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the "Toolbox" CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info.
3. Another good source of information for beginning farmers is Begin Farming Ohio at: beginfarmingohio.org.
I need a new prosthesis, but cannot afford one. Is there funding assistance available?
There are several professional and nonprofit organizations that may help.
- American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association. By phone— 571-431-0876, on the Web--go to www.aopanet.org. Type your state's name in the "AOPA Member Directory Search Box," and you will find a list of companies belonging to that organization.
- The Amputee Coalition of America. By phone--888-267-5669, on the Web—go to the Amputee Colaition website, and click on "Financial help/funding" to see the information sheet titled "Financial Assistance for Prostheses and Other Assistive Devices." It lists information about insurance and Medicaid, and also lists about 12 non-profit organizations that might offer assistance.
- Vocational Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Services, etc. (titles vary by state) By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists state government offices. On the Web—Vocational Rehabilitation contact information."
I own a small acreage where I want to raise goats to supplement my disability income. Are there any grants or low interest loans available for modifying the home on that acreage to make it accessible or building a new accessible home in my rural area?
1. Listed below are several government-related entities and one non-profit organization that provide housing monetary grants, low-interest loans, and/or assist in home building, modification or repair for persons in rural areas.
  - Vocational Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Services, etc. (titles vary by state) (both funding and assistance). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists state government offices. On the Web—National AgrAbility Project: Vocational Rehabilitation contact information.
  - USDA Rural Development (provides loans and grants for home purchase, home-debt refinancing, home repairs, and rental assistance). By phone—call USDA-RD national office @ 800-670-6553 to obtain the phone number of your state or nearest local RD office. On the Web—go to www.rurdev.usda.gov and click on "State Offices," then your state, then your county, and scroll down to find your local office.
  - Housing Assistance Council (provides home loans and technical assistance for people of low income in rural areas). By phone—call HAC national office @ 202-842-8600 or the regional offices at 916-706-1836 (West), 816-880-0400 (Midwest), 404-892-4824 (Southeast), or 505-883-1003 (Southwest). On the Web—go to www.ruralhome.org and click on "HAC Services."
  - Federal Housing Authority (provides loans for purchasing or refinancing a home). By phone—call FHA Headquarters @ 800-569-4287 to find out who to contact in your area. On the Web—go to www.fha.gov to learn about the various loan programs, qualifications, application process, and local-area contacts.
  - Habitat for Humanity (builds and rehabilitates homes utilizing volunteer labor and donated money and materials). By phone—call Habitat national headquarters @ 800-422-4828 to obtain the phone number of the nearest affiliate. On the Web—go to www.habitat.org and enter your ZIP code under "Search for Affiliates."
2. For information about other potential rural housing-related funding assistance sources, go to National Agricultural Library's Web site www.nal.usda.gov, and in the site's search bar, type "Housing Loans."
I recently was injured and obtained a permanent disability. Where can I obtain funding to buy equipment and production inputs that I need to keep farming?
1. Listed below are federal and state government-related entities that either provide or can work with you in seeking out low-interest loans and/or grants for purchasing agricultural equipment and production inputs. Vocational Rehabilitation is of particular interest, since they often provide grants for equipment modifications to help people with disabilities to continue farming.
  - Farm Service Agency (both funding and assistance). Nearly every county in the U.S. has an FSA office. Check the local phone book, or call FSA national headquarters @ 202-720-2791 to obtain the phone number of your state or county FSA office. On the Web—go to www.fsa.usda.gov and click on "State Offices," then on your state on the U.S. map, then on "County Offices," and finally on your county on the state map.
  - Small Business Administration (both funding and assistance). By phone—call the federal office @ 800-827-5722 to obtain your state office or nearest branch office phone number. On the Web—go to www.sba.gov and click on "Contact," then on "Find Your Local SBA District Office," then on your state on the U.S. map, and finally on the nearest branch-office city.
  - Vocational Rehabilitation, Services, etc. (titles vary by state) (both funding and assistance). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists state government offices. On the Web—National AgrAbility Project: Vocational Rehabilitation contact information. It is unlikely that Vocational Rehabilitation agencies will fund the purchase of large new equipment but may assist with the cost of modifying currently owned or newly purchased large equipment to make it accessible.
  - Cooperative Extension Service (assistance only). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, County" or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists county government offices. On the Web—go to www.csrees.usda.gov and click on your state on the U.S. map, then on your county on the state map.
  - Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (both funding and assistance). By phone—call the SARE national office @ 202-720-5384 to obtain the nearest SARE regional office phone number. On the Web—go to www.sare.org and click on "For Farmers & Ranchers" for information about grants for established farmers who want to work with an education entity on a research project.
2. Check out the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) at www.bngtoolbox.info.
Where might I find sources of financial assistance for schooling for a farmer with a disability like myself?
Here are some potential sources of financial assistance available to persons with disabilities for furthering their education.
- Vocational Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Services, etc. (titles vary by state) (possible funding assistance for continuing education). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section ahead of the white pages that lists state government offices. On the Web—go to National AgrAbility Project: Vocational Rehabilitation contact information.
- Federal Grants for Education. Go to www.ed.gov and click on "Grants to apply for," "Grant opportunities," and "Money for college."
- State Grants for Education. Go to usa.gov to find your state's website, then click on "Department of Education," then in the search window type "Grants" or "Loans."
- Private-Source Grants for Education. In your search engine window, type "Financial Aid" then "Private Sources" then your state.
- College Scholarships. Check with your local community college or agricultural college and explore the availability of scholarships for non-traditional students.

Other Modifications

Are there foot-pedal-to-hand-control conversion kits for my lawn tractor or at least design plans for homemade foot-to-hand control conversion?
1. A hand control can be made by attaching a bent rod by means of a bracket to the foot pedal for the clutch, brake, or hydrostat transmission. The rod can be clamped onto the foot pedal and bent to come up to a convenient location for hand operation. An article with color pictures and evaluation of different designs of bent-rod hand controls can be found at http://asae.frymulti.com by typing "Evaluation of Mechanical Tractor Pedal Extensions" in the with-the-exact-phrase search window, click "GO" then "download pdf."
2. John Deere used to make—but no longer offers—a conversion kit (part no. BM19690) for some of its models. If you would happen to find such a kit or even its installation instructions, you might be able to modify it for other makes or models. Check with your local dealer.
3. A few companies fabricate custom-manufactured hand controls for lawn tractors or perhaps provide design plans that you or a local machinist could use to make the conversion. Three such companies are Life Essentials of Brookston, IN (765-742-6707 or www.lifeesstentialweb.com); John Hancock of Lexington, KY (859-227-7099), and Northend Mobility of Welland, Ontario (905-735-5552 or www.northend-mobility.com).
4. Two companies make joystick controls for cars and trucks that could possibly be adapted for lawn tractors—Electronic Mobility Controls (www.emc-digi.com) and Creative Controls (www.creativecontrolsinc.com).
5. The Breaking New Ground (BNG) Resource Center at Purdue University has two entries in its Plowshares Technical Reports series that that you might find beneficial—"Hand Controls for Agricultural Equipment" (Plowshare #2) and "Farming with a Lower Extremity Amputation" (Plowshare #24). They can be viewed and downloaded from the Center's Web site—www.breakingnewground.info.
6. BNG also developed the "Toolbox," which is a CD-ROM and on-line catalog of commercial and farmer-modified equipment and assistive devices for farming with a disability. It includes fact sheets that show tractor, utility vehicle, and lawn tractor foot-to-hand control modifications. Your county Extension office and local high school agricultural education teacher should have a copy of the CD to view (perhaps borrow), or you can access it (in pdf format) on its Web site--www.bngtoolbox.info.
7. The University of Wisconsin Extension AgrAbility Web site carries an article on a homemade hand-operated clutch lever that you might find helpful. Go to fyi.uwex.edu/agrability and click on "Assistive Technology Resources," then on "Plans for Equipment Modifications."
Due to a recent injury I can't walk, and now use a power chair, but cannot get outside to check on my livestock because I have no wheelchair ramp. Where can I get help in designing and building such a ramp?

For plans, use an internet search engine (e.g., Google), type "Wheelchair ramp plans" for numerous results. The Minnesota Ramp Project at www.wheelchairramp.org makes available a manual and video which include plans with a material list for a modular ramp system that requires no in-ground posts and can be built off site usually in a day. Their site also contains information on permits, building codes, funding, and safety.

For construction help, you might contact the local high school agriculture education teacher or FFA chapter advisor. These chapters are often looking for community service projects to undertake. Other local entities that might help build (or fund) a ramp include civic clubs (e.g., Lions, Kiwanis, Rotary), Young Farmers, building-trades unions, churches, and other faith-based organizations.

For funding help, monies might be available through your local Area Agency on Aging (you do not have to be elderly to use their services). To contact: By phone—look in the white pages for "Area Agency," look in the yellow pages under "Government, U.S," or look in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists government offices. On the Web—go to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Web site (www.hhs.gov); scroll down to "HHS Family of Agencies;" and click on "Show Details" then on "Administration on Aging;" under Elders and Families, click on "Find Local Programs;" then type in your ZIP code, city, or county, and click on the "Search" button.

The Minnesota Ramp Project at www.wheelchairramp.org has a funding section, and another good source for funding is Vocational Rehabilitation or Rehabilitation Services, etc. (titles vary by state). By phone—look in the yellow pages under "Government, State" or in a separate section in front of the white pages that lists state government offices. On the Web—go to www.agrability.org and click on "Resources" then "Vocational Rehabilitation contact information."
I have an arm amputation and have not had any success using a prosthesis. I plan to try to use a chainsaw to cut firewood this winter, and was wondering if you had any advice on how I can safely operate the saw with only one hand.

A significant issue with one handed chainsaw use, which is being practiced by a few, is kickback. Every chainsaw operator will eventually experience kickback or a pinched bar. The injuries to the face from kickback can be significant and even can occur with an anti-kickback mechanism in place. Another behavior that occurs with one handed use is "swing through" that occurs when an operator cuts through a limb, and the saw swings down and makes contact with the leg. Considering these potential incidents, two items of personal protective equipment are essential, a helmet with a protective face shield and chainsaw chaps, which you frequently see with chainsaw artists who often saw with one hand. Protective equipment is available at most large chainsaw dealers.
I need help accessing my boat. Does anyone make a device that will lift a person into a boat?
Listed below are three companies that can custom-manufacture or have off-the-shelf man-lifts adapted for accessing boats by either mounting the lift on a large boat or on a pier. They are:
- SS Products, of Tempe, AZ—By phone @ 888-224-1425 or on the Web @ www.coachlift.com and click on "Other Handicapped Lifts."
- Life Essentials, of Brookston, IN—By phone @ 765-742-6707 or on the Web @ www.lifeessentialsweb.com.
- Glide 'n Go Power Seat Lift, made by Access Unlimited, of Binghamton, NY (by phone @ 800-849-2143 or on the Web @ www.accessunlimited.com and click on "Other Vehicle Products).
* Note: When modifying a boat or other water craft for use by someone with a mobility impairment, extra precautions are needed to reduce the risk of injury. All state and federal boating regulations should be followed, including having an adequate number of personal floatation devices available.

Vocational Rehabilitation

Are individuals with developmental disabilities eligible for VR services?
Yes. (Please refer to the answer for the question "How does VR determine whether or not a farmer is eligible?")
Does VR make direct cash payments to customers?
In nearly all cases, the VR counselor will authorize to have assistive technology or other services contracted for and paid directly to the service provider or vendor. No cash payments are done to the clients other than for mileage reimbursements, items bought by the client as per authorizations from VR.
Does VR make home calls?
While it is possible for the VR counselor to make a home visit in most cases, VR counselors carry large case loads and make relatively few site visits. However in regard to FWD wanting to retain employment on their farm it is likely that the VR counselor would visit the farm to gain an understanding of the business and the needs related to the functional limitations of the FWD. Most interaction will be by telephone, mail, or during client's visits to the VR office. VR will authorize vendors to conduct the necessary services for the customer. Post-service inspections that are necessary for payment to the vendors are also done through professionals authorized by VR.
How can I contact VR?
VR offices are located in all states with an area office serving one or more counties. There is a toll free phone number generally available for anybody to call. To locate the nearest VR office there are several options.
1. If you have access to the internet, use any search engines such as Google or Yahoo and enter the term 'vocational rehabilitation' followed by your state name. e.g. vocational rehabilitation, Maryland. This will bring up the link to the website of your state vocational rehabilitation agency. [In Maryland, VR is under Department of Education and is known as DORS – Department of Rehabilitation Services. Most of the websites have either a xx.gov or state.xx.us format where xx stands for the state name or is abbreviation. For example, 'KY' for Kentucky or 'MASS' for Massachusetts or 'Michigan' for Michigan. Some websites have an .org or .com extension but as you webpage comes up, the state government title or logo is clearly displayed. Avoid the mistake of being led to a dubious site.] The website will have an 'office locator' or 'contact us' link where the location, phone number, staff details and email addresses of each of the offices in the state are visibly mentioned.
2. On the www.agrability.org website, click on the 'resources' link to contact the local AgrAbility staff in your state or a nearby state. AgrAbility staff can help you contact your local VR office.
3. Check under 'Government' listings in the local phone book.
How do VR services help AgrAbility customers?
VR provides services to customers who meet specific eligibility criteria. In many cases farmers with disabilities are eligible to receive VR services. The services may include evaluation and assistance in purchasing recommended adaptive devices, assistive technology and home, business and/or vehicle modification. VR also provides assistance for vocational training, and short term physical or mental health restoration treatment. Most of the time, the farmer is recognized as a business owner and services are focused on retaining the business and the farmer's subsequent employment. If there is a need to significantly change the business, the services may also include consultation to establish a business plan as well as services related to some start up costs.
In the past AgrAbility customer have received financial support to start and maintain a wide variety of alternative businesses designed to enhance economic independence and stability.
How does the VR counselor determine the services required for the customer?
VR counselor examines the assessment reports, medical and psychological records and determines the services based on the input from the customer about his/job goal. The customer or another advocate can request changes or additional services. The services have to be consistent with the job goal and the disabilities, and should be necessary to achieve the job goal.
How does VR determine whether or not a farmer is eligible?
Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors determine the eligibility for services based on three criteria:
- An existing physical or mental impairment for the applicant. A few examples are arthritis, degenerative disc disease, cognitive impairment, depression, mood disorders, congenital disabilities, acquired impairments, or work-related injuries that caused impairments.
- The physical or mental impairment results in a substantial impediment to employment.
- The consumer can benefit from the provision of vocational rehabilitation services and that these services are required to prepare for and obtain gainful employment. The determination of eligibility is based on but not limited to objective information such as medical reports, functional capacity evaluations, and/or psychological evaluations. With permission from the consumer VR will either obtain existing records or provide authorization for necessary evaluations. The documentation of substantial vocational impediments requires that the VR counselor have knowledge and understanding of the work performed by the consumer. (For a farmer with disabilities, this is an opportunity to educate the VR counselor by explaining the tasks and duties of their work and how the functional limitations of the impairment impede their performance.) The provision of vocational rehabilitation services will be related to the functional limitations of the impairment and/or the stated employment goal. The services should be necessary to obtain and retain the stated employment goal.
How long does it take to know if a customer is eligible for services after submitting the application for services at VR?
VR counselors have to determine eligibility of applicants within 60 days of receiving the application. The formal application is received at the first meeting with the VR Counselor. It is assumed that all necessary records are available with the VR counselor during this period. Any necessary evaluations will be authorized (no cost to the customer) and completed within this time. VRCs strive to complete eligibility as soon as possible. The period can only be extended due to reasons beyond anybody's control and with consent from the customer.
How long will VR services continue?
The VR services will continue as long as it is required for the customer to become successful on the job. Special circumstances are reviewed by the VR counselor and approvals from the supervisor or region manager may be required. VR closes a customer's case after he/she is successfully employed for 90 days.
How much does it cost to apply for VR services?
There is no charge to apply for VR services or determine eligibility. All necessary evaluations and assessments to determine eligibility are done at no cost to the applicant.
How much time does it take to receive services from VR?
Eligibility has to be determined and individualized plan of employment (IPE) has to be approved by VR before services can begin. Timeliness guidelines are 60 days for eligibility determination and 120 days for IPE. This can be speeded up by providing necessary information and be flexible for meetings with VR Counselors. The timeliness guidelines are exceeded in less than 10% of the vocational rehabilitation cases.
If the customer is receiving SSI and SSDI, does it affect VR services?
No. An individual receiving SSI and SSDI are automatically eligible for VR services and SSI and SSDI do not affect any services received from VR. VR will provide a benefit analysis so that the farmer with disabilities (FWD) will know how wages will affect their benefits.
Is it possible to make changes to the goal for employment?
It is possible to amend the IPE (individualized plan for employment) to reflect a change in the job goal if the customer and VR counselor agree that it is appropriate and there is enough justification that can be put forth to VR. In most circumstances the consumer must provide the rationale for the change in employment goal. The amended IPE must go through the approval process again by both the consumer and VR. It is advisable to be diligent during the initial preparation of the IPE and avoid changes as these can cause delays in successful rehabilitation.
Is there a condition where the customer is eligible but still cannot receive services?
When the state VR is under order of selection (OOS), certain customers may be denied services or the services may be postponed.
The customer has been denied VR services. Can he/she re-apply?
The applicant can re-apply if circumstances have changed or more evidence on disability is available to VR for review. The customer can appeal if the VR counselor didn't consider all the evidence presented to determine eligibility and severity of the disability.
The customer needs medical services. Can VR pay for that?
VR can pay for short term medical treatment while the case is open and if it is determined that the medical treatment is required for restoration and preparation of the individual for employment.
The VR counselor is not knowledgeable about farming. Can the customer ask for a different counselor?
The customer can request a VR counselor of his choice or change the counselor at any time in the process. The request may be made to the VR counselor or the office supervisor. However, this should not be resorted to as the first step to resolve a conflict or denial or services. The FWD and their advocates (AgrAbility staff) have a responsibility to educate the VR counselor of the concerns and important issues related to the functional limitations of the FWD and how that relates to their business of agriculture. Of course the VR Counselor has to be open and receptive to learning the farm functions and farm culture. After taking these steps if the customer is not able make progress with the VR counselor, a change in counselor may be considered.
Under what conditions may VR deny services?
The services can be denied if any of the following conditions exist:
- If the customer's disability is too severe that successful employment is not possible as determined by the VR counselor based on the objective information available
- The customer cannot benefit (in terms of employment) from the services provided by VR.
- If the customer's disability does not form an impediment to seeking, obtaining and retaining employment.
- Generally the VR counselor needs to have convincing evidence on all these counts before services are denied. Also the following situations will lead to denial or discontinuation of services.
- If VR office is not able to contact the customer through phone, regular mail or email after repeated attempts the VR may close the case and hence services will not be available.
- If the customer has moved to another state, the state VR will close the case and deny services. The customer can apply to the VR office in the current state of residence and have records from the old VR office to be sent to the new location.
- If the state VR is in 'Order of Selection' (OOS) status, services may be denied to some customers. A priority sequence determined by the severity of disability is followed while considering for services in OOS status.
What are some examples of services VR will pay for?
Practically any service mutually agreed and approved by VR counselor and the customer based on the following guidelines:
- The service should be relevant and necessary to lead to gainful employment of the individual
- Some services are approved only for short periods (e.g. medical, mental health counseling, transportation)
- Can be re-authorized after review and approval by VR counselor and/or supervisor
Some of the services include:
- On the Job training, vocational skills training, post secondary training
- Assistive technology
- Business start up expenses
- Child care
- Living maintenance for short duration
- Supplies while under training
- Licensing fees
- Tools required for the job
- Clothes to attend interviews
- Vision enhancing aids or hearing aids
- Computers and printers (will be closely scrutinized)
- Vehicle modification
- Home modifications including bathroom modifications
- Assistive technology of any type that are necessary for the customer to be successful at the job
- Referral to other agencies
- Supported employment
- Job coaching
What are some examples of what VR will not pay for?
- Land
- Buildings
- Vehicles that have to be registered with the state department of motor vehicles
- Firearms, alcohol, pornography
- Luxury items that may cost more than a similarly functioning item that serves the same purpose
What are some of the problems a client may face obtaining VR services?
- Both the farmer with a disability (FWD) and the vocational rehabilitation counselor (VRC) would like services to occur as quickly as possible. Unfortunately the vocational rehabilitation process is not as fast as one would like. This is due, in part, to the requirement for accuracy and adherence to policy and procedure as well as the size of each VR counselor's case load. The FWD is encouraged to contact the VR counselor with any questions or concerns regarding the status and progress of their case.
- VR counselors may not generally be knowledgeable about farming, farm culture and hence may not understand the needs of the farmer to return to farming. In this circumstance it is important for the farmer to be willing to educate the VR counselor of their need and its rationale and relevance in relation to the return to employment.
- Limitations in funding may limit availability and timeliness of some services.
- In rare instances some disabilities may be considered too severe by VR counselors and hence they may determine the farmer as ineligible for services. It is important for the FWD to know that this determination must be based on objective information and not subjective information. The FWD can appeal an adverse decision and VR will obtain further objective information via extended evaluation.
What can the customer do if he/she doesn't have any supporting documents about the disability?
The customer can sign the 'release of information consent' form that VR counselor will provide. VR will send the form to the address provided by the customer to obtain the necessary records. VR will pay any fees required by the addressee so as to release records.
What documents should the customer take with him/her when going for the first interview with VR counselor?
Ideally the customer would provide medical records and/or reports that identify the diagnosis, prognosis, restrictions and functional limitations. These records may include reports from the physician, other medical specialists, occupational, physical and/or speech therapists. Psychological evaluation and counseling therapy reports may also be beneficial. If the customer has SSDI or SSI, either the award letter, bank statement or statement from Social Security should be taken. VR will make copies of all relevant documents and return the original to the customer. Any record from a professional regarding the disability is acceptable. If the customer does not have appropriate records, the customer may sign a 'release of information' form that will allow VR to obtain the records from the source. If no records exist VR may authorize and pay for examinations and/or evaluations.
What happens if a customer is not accepted for VR services?
The customer can appeal at three levels. First is the appeal to the local area supervisor. The supervisor will review the case records and talk to the applicant and try to resolve the issue. If the applicant is not satisfied with the supervisor's decision, the VR office will arrange for an independent mediator to listen to the customer's case. If the decision is still not acceptable, the applicant can approach the state client assistance program (CAP). The address and toll-free phone to contact CAP will be provided by the VR office.
What is Client Assistance Program (CAP) and how can I contact them?
Client Assistance Program (CAP) is an independent agency set up by the state as required by the Rehabilitation Act to resolve conflicts with VR. Any customer with a grievance can approach CAP. The agency will try to resolve the issues amicably. It is important to have supporting evidence to help CAP effectively advocate for the customer's case.
What is IPE and how does it relate to VR services?
The Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE) consists of three parts;
- the employment goal,
- an outline of services necessary to obtain the goal, and
- the responsibilities of both the consumer and VR
IPE is a plan prepared by the VR counselor in consultation with the customer. The FWD or 'consumer' will have both input and influence in its contents. The plan is based on the available details of the customer's strengths, informed choice of the customer and the appropriate employment goal of the customer as agreed by VR. The IPE is a blueprint of the VR services to be provided to the customer in order to achieve employment and independence. The services must first be identified and agreed upon by both VR and the consumer and included in the IPE. Services not identified and agreed upon in the IPE will not be provided by VR. All services must relate to either the employment goal or the functional limitations resulting from the physical or mental impairment. The plan has to be approved by VR and signed by the customer before services can be started. IPE can be amended as required, by the customer or the VR counselor. Annual review of the IPE is mandatory.
What is OOS and how can the customer know if VR in a state is in OOS?
Order of Selection (OOS) is a status entered by VR when financial resources for a fiscal term are depleted and services provided have to be restricted. Services will only be offered on the basis of the category status assigned to the customer at the time of eligibility and severity determination. The three categories are:

MSD
most significantly disabled

SD
significantly disabled

NSD
Not SD

The first priority is for MSD as they require maximum services and then SD customers are considered. It is possible that NSD customers may not receive any services during OOS. The state reviews OOS status periodically. There are states that are continuously in OOS status. The VR office can provide information on the current status of the state VR
What is the age limits for applying for VR services?
There is no upper age limit for VR services although the customer should be able to complete tasks in an integrated environment. Only adults who are above 18 are eligible to apply. The only exception is for students with disability who are in transition from school to the workplace. They can apply for transition services at age 16.
What is Vocational Rehabilitation?
Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) is a federal-state partnership operating in all states of the United States with a mission to provide rehabilitation assistance to eligible individuals with mental or physical disabilities in order to gain, regain or retain employment and to increase independence. VR services are provided through state agencies that are funded by a combination of state and federal funds. The services are geared towards integration of people with disabilities into society so that they can be productive independent citizens to the best of their abilities as per their informed choice.
What makes VR services attractive to people with disabilities?
- No expense to apply or evaluate for eligibility
- Offices available all over the country – easy to contact
- Informed choice of the customer
- Multiple services available – flexibility of services
- Appeal process in place that is standardized and at no cost to the consumer
When will VR close the customer case?
The customer's case is closed successfully when the services have been provided and the customer is on the job successfully for 90 days. However the case may be closed unsuccessfully under the following circumstances. The case will be closed if the customer is not able to be contacted or has moved out of state, if the customer does not cooperate and refuses services, if the customer's disability is too severe so that services are not beneficial for rehabilitation and if the customer dies.
Who determines the 'appropriate job goal' for the customer? Will the customer be able to choose his own job goal?
The customer can choose the job goal as per his/her 'informed choice'. However, both VR and the consumer have to agree to the goal as determined by the comprehensive assessment that considers the consumers abilities, interests and limitations. The goal has to be realistic and achievable for the individual taking into consideration the severity of the disability and the cost of achieving the goal. For example, it is not very realistic for a small vegetable grower to have a job goal to be 'owner' of a large dairy operation if the basic resources are not currently available. The VR process is not designed to reach lifelong dreams, but to realize realistic goals within reasonable amount of time and help achieve economic independence.
Will VR pay for assistive technology items already purchased or installed prior to determining eligibility?
No. VR will only pay for services after appropriately approved by VR. Approvals for services normally come after eligibility has been determined and an IPE (individualized plan for employment) has been written and approved by VR.
Will VR purchase a new tractor for a farmer?
In most cases, No.
To be successfully engaged in production agriculture, a farmer needs a tractor, combine, barn and other capital items. VR is more likely to provide financial support to assist in modifying these items so that the farmer is able to operate or use them independently.

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